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HMS Ocean (L12)
HMS ''Ocean'' is an amphibious assault ship, the Royal Navy's sole Landing Platform Helicopter and the fleet flagship of the Royal Navy.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/news-and-latest-activity/news/2015/may/27/150527-hms-ocean-to-assume-fleet-flagship-role )〕 She is designed to support amphibious landing operations and to support the staff of Commander UK Amphibious Force and Commander UK Landing Force. She was constructed in the mid-1990s by Kvaerner Govan on the River Clyde and fitted out by VSEL at Barrow-in-Furness prior to trials and subsequent acceptance in service. She was commissioned in September 1998 at her home port HMNB Devonport, Plymouth.
==Background==
An invitation to tender for a new helicopter carrier was issued in February 1992. In February 1993 ''The Times'' reported that the carrier faced cancellation due to budgetary constraints. However, at approximately the same time, British forces were engaged in operations in the Balkans, which saw the Royal Fleet Auxiliary's aviation training ship RFA ''Argus'' pressed into service as an Landing Platform Helicopter (LPH). ''Argus'' proved totally unsuitable in terms of accommodation and facilities needed for a large Embarked Military Force (EMF), which emphasised the need for a purpose built platform. On 29 March 1993, the defence procurement minister announced that development of the new LPH was proceeding. Two shipbuilders competed for the contract – Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Ltd (VSEL) and Swan Hunter. On 11 May 1993, the government announced that VSEL had won the contract. The build was to commercial standards, reducing costs significantly and leading to a construction spend of £154 million (£}} in ),, comparable to that of a Type 23 frigate. VSEL, a warship manufacturer, sub-contracted the build phase to the commercial Kværner yard in Govan, Glasgow.
The fact that VSEL's bid was £71 million lower than Swan Hunter's was the source of political controversy and led to a National Audit Office investigation to determine whether the competition was fair. The report, published on 29 July 1993, stated that, although VSEL did subsidise its bid, the MoD was right to award the contract to VSEL because the subsidy was much smaller than the difference between the two bids; VSEL's bid was £139.5 million compared to Swan Hunter's £210.6 million. ''The Times'' also suggested that the subsidy was as little as £10 million. In anticipation of the report, the ''Financial Times'' described the different philosophies adopted by the two bidders; while Swan Hunter viewed the ships as entirely military, "VSEL thought the design was basically a merchant ship with military hardware bolted on." VSEL's decision to sub-contract the build phase took advantage of lower overheads at a civilian yard as well as efficiency drives by its parent, Kværner.
Launched on 11 October 1995, she was subsequently named at Barrow by Her Majesty the Queen on 20 February 1998, prior to delivery to Devonport. In her sea trial, she managed to reach a top speed of ; however, her usual top speed is .〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=cyberpioneer – Weapon – Ruling over the oceans (Dec 07) )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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